How oral nicotine pouches may cause harm
Experts detailed the potential oral and overall health risks of oral nicotine pouches.
Oral nicotine pouches are designed to be inserted into the crevice between the gums and lip, where blood vessels in the oral mucosa absorb high doses of nicotine, according to a news release from the University of Utah. Because the products are marketed as tobacco and smoke free — thereby eliminating inhalation and lung-related risks — the experts noted that consumers often have misconceptions that the products are healthier than traditional cigarettes. Despite lacking long-term data on the health outcomes of using oral nicotine pouches, early evidence has suggested that they may pose risks to oral and overall well-being.
For instance, the experts stressed that use of the products is known to cause oral inflammation and localized tissue damage, which can result in mucosal irritation, gingival recession, leukoplakia-like tissue changes and tooth loss, according to a news report from Decisions in Dentistry covering the University of Utah’s release. Prior research has shown that oral nicotine pouches are capable of impairing the fibroblasts responsible for regenerating periodontal tissue, and future studies will seek to better understand the effects of the products on the oral microbiome and saliva composition.
Researchers are still assessing how oral nicotine pouches may increase harm to other parts of the body such as the blood vessels and gastrointestinal system; however, nicotine is already known to constrict the blood vessels. As a result, oral nicotine pouch use could potentially represent a risk factor for adverse cardiovascular effects.
The experts urged individuals to inform their dentists if they decide to use oral nicotine pouches as well as regularly visit a licensed dental professional who can monitor changes in oral tissue; perform an evaluation to determine whether they may be at risk of oral health issues, precancerous lesions or malignancy; and provide them with resources to help reduce or cease use of the products. The experts stated that dentists should consider including questions about oral nicotine use in a patient’s medical history and communicating with patients about the potential clinical risks associated with the products.
Individuals who use oral nicotine pouches were advised to watch for signs of more serious oral health issues caused by the products and schedule — including persistent white or red patches in the mouth, ulceration, gum recession and bleeding at the site of pouch placement.
Read more: University of Utah
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